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History of sanitation and hygiene technologies in the Hellenic World

Stavros Yannopoulos, Christos Yapijakis, Asimina Kaiafa-Saropoulou, George Antoniou, Andreas N. Angelakis
Available Online 14 February 2017, washdev2017178; DOI: 10.2166/washdev.2017.178
Stavros Yannopoulos
Faculty of Engineering, School of Rural and Surveying Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece E-mail: giann@vergina.eng.auth.gr
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Christos Yapijakis
1st Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, National Kapodistrian University of Athens, Eginition Hospital, Vas. Sofias 74, Athens 11528, Greece
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Asimina Kaiafa-Saropoulou
School of Architecture, Aristotle University, 54124 Thessaloniki, Hellas, Cherianon 7, Kalamaria, 55133 Thessaloniki, Greece
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George Antoniou
Department of Architecture Engineering, N.T.U.A, Ioannou Soutsou 44-46, 11474 Athens, Greece
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Andreas N. Angelakis
Institute of Iraklion, National Foundation for Agricultural Research (N.AG.RE.F.), 71307 Iraklion, Greece
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Abstract

Sanitation and hygiene technologies have existed in ancient Hellas since the Bronze Age (ca. 3200-1100 BC), when extensive sewerage and drainage and other elaborate sanitary structures were known in Minoan palaces and towns. Classical and Hellenistic periods should be considered as the most progressive eras in the design of sanitary engineering. At that time anatomically shaped toilet seats are found in several sites since many private houses and public buildings have them. As cities grew in size the pressure of larger populations resulted in the construction of communal toilets with seats that were more densely packed together. Drainage and sewerage systems and sanitary installations reflect high cultural and technological levels and they are associated with contemporary observations and ideas about hygiene and medicine. Before the Hellenic advances, medicine was entirely confined to religious beliefs and metaphysical rituals. In the early Roman period, the knowledge of the ancient world on hygienic matter was incorporated in legislative rules. Despite the weakening of this legislation through the ages, the sanitation practices kept being applied even via a technical tradition of the masons. Later various rulers of the Hellenic world (Europeans or Ottomans), introduced their practices (traditional/scientific) sanitation in the greater Helladic regions.

  • drains
  • hygiene
  • sanitary structures
  • sanitation
  • sewers
  • First received 5 December 2015.
  • Accepted in revised form 17 December 2016.
  • © IWA Publishing 2017

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Journal of Water Sanitation and Hygiene for Development: 8 (1)
  Volume 8,issue 1

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History of sanitation and hygiene technologies in the Hellenic World
Stavros Yannopoulos, Christos Yapijakis, Asimina Kaiafa-Saropoulou, George Antoniou, Andreas N. Angelakis
Journal of Water Sanitation and Hygiene for Development Feb 2017, washdev2017178; DOI: 10.2166/washdev.2017.178
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History of sanitation and hygiene technologies in the Hellenic World
Stavros Yannopoulos, Christos Yapijakis, Asimina Kaiafa-Saropoulou, George Antoniou, Andreas N. Angelakis
Journal of Water Sanitation and Hygiene for Development Feb 2017, washdev2017178; DOI: 10.2166/washdev.2017.178

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Keywords

drains
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sanitary structures
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sewers
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